{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Licence\n",
    "\n",
    "* Python je zadarmo (*free as in \"free beer\"*)\n",
    "* U Pythonu (a navázaných knihoven) jsou k dispozici zdrojové kódy (*free as in \"free speech\"*)\n",
    "* Licence je svobodná i v tom, že umožňuje využít Python v uzavřených komerčních projektech (není virální jako GPL)\n",
    "* Plné znění licence viz http://docs.python.org/3/license.html\n",
    "\n",
    "Z toho plyne několik důsledků:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Nižší náklady\n",
    "* Odpadají problémy s licenčním serverem (off-line použití, žádný boj mezi uživateli o volné licence)\n",
    "* Možnost sdílet kód s kýmkoliv (aniž by si musel opatřovat komerční SW)\n",
    "* Možnost zjistit, jak funguje konkrétní funkce přímo ze zdrojového kódu (ne černá skříňka jako v případě většiny komerčního SW)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Univerzální programovací jazyk s bohatou výbavou\n",
    "\n",
    "* objektové programování, funkcionální programování (tak trochu :)\n",
    "* výborně čitelná syntaxe\n",
    "* škálovatelnost: jednoduché skripty i složité aplikace s mnoha moduly (N.B.: jmenné prostory)\n",
    "* automatické jednotkové testování\n",
    "* snadná automatická dokumentace vlastního kódu\n",
    "* široká uživatelská základna, dostupná pomoc (google, http://stackoverflow.com)\n",
    "* Python je široce žádaná dovednost, na rozdíl od dedikovaných vědeckých jazyků (IDL, Matlab apod.)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Bohatá škála knihoven pro vědeckou práci\n",
    "\n",
    "* **[Numpy](http://numpy.org)** - rychlé maticové operace\n",
    "* **[Scipy](http://scipy.org)** - soubor všech různých vědeckých nástrojů\n",
    "* **[Matplotlib](http://matplotlib.org)** - interaktivní grafy, možnost výstupu v kvalitě pro publikace\n",
    "* **[SymPy](http://sympy.org)** - symbolické manipulace\n",
    "* **[Pandas](http://pandas.pydata.org/)** - analýza data\n",
    "* **[IPython](http://ipython.org/) + [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org/)** - interaktivní prostředí\n",
    "\n",
    "..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Univerzální knihovna\n",
    "\n",
    "* Potřebujete získat data více či méně tradičním způsobem (z webu, z divného formátu souboru)?\n",
    "* Potřebujete zpracovávat komplikovaným způsobem text?\n",
    "* Potřebujete ke svému programu GUI?\n",
    "* Chcete mít webové rozhraní?\n",
    "* Chcete si poslat mail, až bude výpočet dokončen?\n",
    "* Potřebujete pustit ze svého programu jiný proces a komunikovat s ním?\n",
    "\n",
    "Na všechny tyto úkoly v Pythonu najdete knihovnu (často již ve standardní knihovně), zatímco ve specializovaném vědeckém SW (MATLAB, IDL) byste tento problém řešili obtížně.\n",
    "\n",
    "Viz databáze na [PyPi](https://pypi.python.org/pypi), která obsahuje přes 500 000 balíčků (různé kvality)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Vazba na další jazyky\n",
    "\n",
    "Kvůli rychlosti (a existenci knihoven):\n",
    "\n",
    "* C/C++ (Python C API, modul [ctypes](http://docs.python.org/2/library/ctypes.html), [Cython](http://cython.org/), SWIG, boost::python, cffi, ...)\n",
    "* FORTRAN ([f2py](http://www.f2py.com))\n",
    "\n",
    "Ale i:\n",
    "\n",
    "* MATLAB ([Matlab Engine for Python](http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab-engine-for-python.html), [python-matlab-bridge](http://arokem.github.io/python-matlab-bridge/), [mlabwrap](https://github.com/aweinstein/mlabwrap))\n",
    "* IDL ([pIDLy](https://github.com/anthonyjsmith/pIDLy))\n",
    "* R ([RPy](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/rpy2))\n",
    "* Java ([Jython](http://jython.org))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Nástroje\n",
    "\n",
    "* **[IPython](http://ipython.org)** - konzole\n",
    "* **[Jupyter](https://jupyter.org/)** - notebook, lab, console\n",
    "* **[Sphinx](http://sphinx-doc.org)** - vytváření všech možných druhů dokumentace (nejčastěji webová) ze zdrojových kódů\n",
    "* **[pip](http://www.pip-installer.org/)**, **[virtualenv](http://www.virtualenv.org/)** - správa balíčků a vlastních nezávislých prostředí"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Nedostatky \n",
    "\n",
    "* Obtížné vytvořit aplikaci spustitelnou bez závislostí kdekoliv (\"EXE\").\n",
    "* Jazyk s dynamickým typováním -> omezená statická kontrola kódu.\n",
    "* Obecně pomalý oproti kompilovanému kódu (proto se používají knihovny v C).\n",
    "* Vícevláknové aplikace v CPythonu - z mnoha důvodů vlastní kód Pythonu běží vždy jen v jednom vláknu. Opravdu paralelně tak můžou běžet jen další knihovny volané z Pythonu.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Další odkazy\n",
    "### Pochvalné\n",
    "* http://www.stat.washington.edu/~hoytak/blog/whypython.html\n",
    "* http://vnoel.wordpress.com/2008/05/03/bye-matlab-hello-python-thanks-sage/\n",
    "* http://metarabbit.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/why-python-is-better-than-matlab-for-scientific-software/\n",
    "\n",
    "### Kritické\n",
    "* http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/15468/what-are-the-drawbacks-of-python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Vědecká Python komunita je velká a aktivní\n",
    "\n",
    "Na internetu najdete mnoho (obvykle open-source) Python nástrojů pro vědce. Navíc existují konference jako [(Euro)SciPy](http://conference.scipy.org/), [PyData](http://pydata.org/) aj.\n",
    "\n",
    "Podívejte se např. na nedávnou [úvodní přednášku](https://youtu.be/Wpz79_S9KmM?si=s2NpueMhaKBldL63&t=988) na [SciPy 2021](https://www.scipy2021.scipy.org) od [Dr Fernando Perez](https://www.linkedin.com/in/fperezorg/)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
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      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "        <iframe\n",
       "            width=\"800\"\n",
       "            height=\"500\"\n",
       "            src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Wpz79_S9KmM\"\n",
       "            frameborder=\"0\"\n",
       "            allowfullscreen\n",
       "            t=988\n",
       "        ></iframe>\n",
       "        "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.lib.display.YouTubeVideo at 0x10621e4c0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from IPython.lib.display import YouTubeVideo\n",
    "YouTubeVideo(\"Wpz79_S9KmM\", width=800, height=500, extras=[\"t=988\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.9.16"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}